Medical school taught me almost nothing about learning itself—or about how to study in medical school. That was something I had to figure out on my own.
Why I had to relearn how to study in medical school
When I look back, I realize that we are rarely taught how learning actually works. Throughout high school, I never had a specific study method. It was mostly just me sitting at my desk, trying to figure out what worked. Somehow, that was enough. But when I entered medical school, my old approach stopped working.
The volume and density of the material are so high that if you do not know how to study effectively, you can end up studying all the time without getting the results you expect. For a while, that was exactly what happened to me. I studied nonstop, yet my grades still did not reflect the amount of effort I was putting in. It was incredibly frustrating. At one point, I even started questioning my intelligence.
It is not a matter of intelligence
What I understand now, however, is that getting good grades—and even becoming a good learner—is not simply a matter of IQ. You might think that sounds like an exaggeration, but I genuinely believe that if you are capable of reading and understanding this essay, there is a good chance you are capable of achieving the scores you want with the right learning strategies. I cannot emphasize enough how important it is to understand how to study and how learning actually happens. The difference between an effective student and an exhausted one is not always how many hours they study. Very often, it is how they use those hours.
The difference between an effective student and an exhausted one is not always how many hours they study. Very often, it is how they use those hours.
Studying more is not learning more
The first thing I had to accept was that studying more does not necessarily mean learning more. For a long time, I measured studying in hours. If I had spent six or seven hours at my desk, I felt productive. But the problem with this way of thinking is that time tells you almost nothing about whether you actually learned something. You can spend hours reading the same pages, highlighting sentences and watching lectures, while your brain remains surprisingly passive. Everything feels familiar, so you assume you know it.
That was probably one of the most important things medical school taught me: familiarity is not the same as knowledge. Reading something and thinking, “Yes, this makes sense,” is very different from being able to recall it on your own. I used to believe that understanding a lecture meant I had learned it. Now I see understanding as only the first step. The real test begins when the notes are closed.
Familiarity is not the same as knowledge.
Closing the notes: learning through recall
I slowly moved away from simply rereading material and started forcing myself to retrieve information from memory. This meant using flashcards and questions from previous years’ exams. Sometimes I would write down everything I could remember before checking what I had missed.
At first, this way of studying actually felt worse. Rereading a page is comfortable. Trying to recall the same information without looking at it is uncomfortable. You notice every gap in your knowledge. You feel slower. But I eventually realized that the moments when I struggled to remember something were often the moments when I was actually learning it.
Coming back to it over time
Instead of trying to completely master something in one sitting, I began returning to it over time. This is very different from rereading the same thing over and over again without trying to recall it. The goal was to meet the information again just as it was starting to fade.
This is also why I no longer think memorization and understanding are complete opposites. In medicine, you need both. Understanding reduces the amount of pure memorization you need.
Learning is something you do
And perhaps the biggest change has been understanding that learning is something I must actively do. It is not something that automatically happens because you attended a lecture, read a chapter, or spent the entire day in the library. I have to interact with the information. That sounds obvious when written down, but it took me years of studying to really understand it.
And maybe that is the strange thing about medical school. It never formally taught me how to learn, but it forced me to learn how to learn. The workload became too heavy for inefficient methods to survive. In a way, that may be one of the most valuable lessons I have received from medical school so far.
Further reading
If you want the research behind how to study in medical school this way, these are the papers worth reading: